"Physical education is the study, practice, and appreciation of the art and science of human movement"
Education Day @ SUNY Albany
"Physical education is an integral part of the educational process. Physical education class allow students to develop the knowledge and confidence they need to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle. Students will gain a true understanding of physical fitness and how being physically educated will increase their overall health." - Kenneth Danzy
Definitions:
Physical activity - a behavior consisting of bodily movement that requires energy expenditure above the normal physiological (muscular, cardiorespiratory) requirements of a typical school day.
Physical fitness - a state of physiologic well being that is achieved through a combination of good diet, regular physical exercise, and other practices that promote good health.
Balance - a performance-related component of physical fitness that involves the maintenance of the body's equilibrium while stationary or moving.
Cardiorespiratory endurance - is the ability of the body's circulatory and respiratory systems to supply fuel and oxygen during sustained physical activity. Muscular endurance - is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time.
Muscular Strength – the ability of a muscle to exert maximum force against resistance; 1 RM (Repetition Maximum).
Anaerobic - activity in which the participant performs to the point of oxygen debt.
Aerobic - the ability of your heart to pump oxygen-rich blood to muscles during exercise that is done for an extended amount of time.
Body composition - the percentage of body weight which is fat, muscle and bone.
Flexibilty - the capacity of a joint or muscle to move through its full range of motion.
Exercise - involves physical movement that increases the rate of energy use of the body.
Locomotor movements - are the foundations of human movement. Skills used to move from one place to another or to raise the center of gravity.
Walking, running, hopping, skipping, jumping, galloping, leaping and sliding are the eight locomotor movements.
Non-locomotor movements - consist of mainly using the upper body to move. Movement in place or around the axis of the body such as swinging, twisting, turning, stretching, swaying and bending are the six non-locomotor movements.
Manipulative skill - the ability to handle an object with the appropriate control and speed of movement required by a task. Examples: throwing, catching, kicking, volleying, dribbling, and striking.
Non Manipulative skill - the ability to transfer and balance weight from one body part to another in a free-flowing way.
Wellness - includes the emotional, mental, physical, social, and spiritual factors that lead to an overall state of well-being, quality of life, and ability to contribute to society.
Learning Standards - are the outcomes a student is expected to master at each grade level. Standards are set by states, though some districts may add to them. Recreation - is an activity that people engage in during their free time, that people enjoy, and that people recognize as having socially redeeming values.
Intramurals - are teams of students competing against other students within the same school.
Extra-Curricular activities - are non-classroom activities that can contribute to a well-rounded education. They can include such activities as athletics, clubs, etc.
Athletics - are organized, highly structured competitive activities in which skilled individuals participate.
Physical fitness - a state of physiologic well being that is achieved through a combination of good diet, regular physical exercise, and other practices that promote good health.
Balance - a performance-related component of physical fitness that involves the maintenance of the body's equilibrium while stationary or moving.
Cardiorespiratory endurance - is the ability of the body's circulatory and respiratory systems to supply fuel and oxygen during sustained physical activity. Muscular endurance - is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time.
Muscular Strength – the ability of a muscle to exert maximum force against resistance; 1 RM (Repetition Maximum).
Anaerobic - activity in which the participant performs to the point of oxygen debt.
Aerobic - the ability of your heart to pump oxygen-rich blood to muscles during exercise that is done for an extended amount of time.
Body composition - the percentage of body weight which is fat, muscle and bone.
Flexibilty - the capacity of a joint or muscle to move through its full range of motion.
Exercise - involves physical movement that increases the rate of energy use of the body.
Locomotor movements - are the foundations of human movement. Skills used to move from one place to another or to raise the center of gravity.
Walking, running, hopping, skipping, jumping, galloping, leaping and sliding are the eight locomotor movements.
Non-locomotor movements - consist of mainly using the upper body to move. Movement in place or around the axis of the body such as swinging, twisting, turning, stretching, swaying and bending are the six non-locomotor movements.
Manipulative skill - the ability to handle an object with the appropriate control and speed of movement required by a task. Examples: throwing, catching, kicking, volleying, dribbling, and striking.
Non Manipulative skill - the ability to transfer and balance weight from one body part to another in a free-flowing way.
Wellness - includes the emotional, mental, physical, social, and spiritual factors that lead to an overall state of well-being, quality of life, and ability to contribute to society.
Learning Standards - are the outcomes a student is expected to master at each grade level. Standards are set by states, though some districts may add to them. Recreation - is an activity that people engage in during their free time, that people enjoy, and that people recognize as having socially redeeming values.
Intramurals - are teams of students competing against other students within the same school.
Extra-Curricular activities - are non-classroom activities that can contribute to a well-rounded education. They can include such activities as athletics, clubs, etc.
Athletics - are organized, highly structured competitive activities in which skilled individuals participate.
According to the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD), a quality physical education for grades K–12 program consist of:
(a) instruction in a variety of developmentally appropriate motor skills that challenge students to develop physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally; (b) fitness activities that educate and help students understand and improve or maintain optimal fitness levels; (c) instruction in concepts that lead to a better understanding of motor skills and fitness development; (d) opportunities to engage in experiences that enhance cooperation and develop multicultural awareness; and (e) experiences that foster the desire for lifelong participation in physical activity.
National Association of Sports and Physical Education (NASPE) Learning Standards
A physically educated person...
1. Demonstrates competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities.
2. Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
3. Participates regularly in physical activity
4. Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness.
5. Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings.
6. Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression and/or social interaction.
1. Demonstrates competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities.
2. Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
3. Participates regularly in physical activity
4. Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness.
5. Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings.
6. Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression and/or social interaction.
New York State Learning Standards for Physical Education
Standard 1: Personal Health and Fitness
Students will have the necessary knowledge and skills to establish and maintain physical fitness, particpate in pysical activity, and maintain personal health.
Key Idea: Students will:
- perform basic motor and manipulative skills. They will attain competency in a variety of physical activities and proficiency in a few select complex motor and sports activities.
- design personal fitness programs to improve cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular strength, endurance, and body composition.
- participate in physical activities (games, sports, exercises) that provide conditioning for each fitness area
- develop physical fitness skills through regular practice, effort, and perseverance
- demonstrate mastery of fundamental motor, non-locomotor, and manipulative skills, and understand fundamental principles of movement
- understand the effects of activity on the body, the risks associated with inactivity, and the basic components of health-related fitness (cardiovascular, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, and body composition
- demonstrate and assess their fitness by performing exercises or activities related to each health-related fitness component, and establish personal goals to improve their fitness
- understand the relationship between physical activity and individual well being
Standard 2: A Safe and Healthy Environment
Students will acquire the knowledge and ability necessary to create and maintain a safe and healthy environment.
Key Idea: Students will:
- demonstrate responsible personal and social behavior while engaged in physical activity. They will understand that physical activity provides the opportunity for enjoyment, challenge, self-expression, and communication.
- be able to identify safety hazards and react effectively to ensure a safe and positive experience for all participants.
- contribute to a safe and healthy environment by observing safe conditions for games, recreation, and outdoor activities
- come to know and practice appropriate participant and spectator behaviors to produce a safe and positive environment
- work constructively with others to accomplish a variety of goals and tasks
- know how injuries from physical activity can be prevented or treated
- demonstrate care, consideration, and respect of self and others during physical activity
Standard 3: Resource Management
Students will understand and be able to manage their personal and community resources.
Key Idea: Students will:
- will be aware of and able to access opportunities available to them within their community to engage in physical activity.
- be informed consumers and be able to evaluate facilities and programs.
- be aware of some career options in the field of physical fitness and sports.
- know that resources available at home and in the community offer opportunities to participate in and enjoy a variety of physical activities in their leisure time
- become discriminating consumers of fitness information, health-related fitness activities in their communities, and fitness and sports equipment
- demonstrate the ability to apply the decision making process to physical activity